DNA Tribes Personal Genetic Analysis

How Do Results Look and What do They Mean?
Example Results for a Person of Caucasian (European) Ancestry

Comments for this sample individual: These sample results are for a North American of European descent. To view a sample of
results in high resolution PDF format, please click here.

Part A: Genetic Profile: Your unique genetic profile includes your allele values for 21 genetic markers distributed throughout your
autosomal chromosomes. At each locus, you have two values: one allele inherited from your father and one allele inherited from
your mother, for a total of 42 dimensions used to compute your geographic ancestry. Your unique combination of alleles is used to
compute high resolution Native Population, Global Population and World Region matches.

Comments for this sample individual: At each locus, this individual inherited one allele value from their mother and one from their
father. Each allele value is a number representing repeats of a particular genetic sequence. For instance, at the locus (location on a
chromosome) TH01, this individual has inherited one alleles of length 6 (6 repeats), and one of length 9.3 (9.3 repeats). This DNA
profile serves as a genetic fingerprint unique to this person. This collection of allele values is used to compute a person’s
connections to individual populations and world regions.

Part B: High Resolution Native Population Match: DNA Tribes identifies your Top 20 matches in a database of all native
populations that have experienced minimal movement and admixture in the last 500 years. Individual matches do not necessary
indicate recent social or cultural affiliation with a particular ethnicity. Instead, the geographical distribution of your Native Population
Match results indicates your most likely deep ancestral origins.

Comments for this sample individual: The Top 20 Native population matches for this individual all fall within Europe. Individual
scores do not indicate a person’s percentage of individual ethnic groups. Instead, they indicate where a DNA profile is most
frequent. The strongest match is with a sample from Strathclyde, Scotland, where this individual’s DNA profile is 29,417.68 times as
likely as in the world as a whole. The TribeScore of (0.85) indicates this score is higher than scores for 85% of sampled Strathclyde
individuals. However, this DNA profile can be found in other nearby European nations at similar frequencies. For instance, the score
for a Bavarian population sample is 21,678.93, indicating this DNA profile is 29,417.68 / 21,678.93 = 1.36 times as likely in
Strathclyde as in Bavaria.

For this individual, Strathclyde, Scotland would be the most likely population of origin, but other ethnic origins such as Bavarian,
Dutch, or Austrian cannot be excluded. It is also possible this individual could be of Irish or French heritage but has inherited genetic
markers that are more typical of other nearby populations of Europe.

Part C: High Resolution Global Population Match: In this section we provide your Top 20 matches in a database of all global
populations, including native peoples as well as Diaspora groups that expanded from their homelands and sometimes admixed with
other populations in recent history. The geographical distribution of these matches indicates your closest genetic relatives today and
peoples whose blend of geographical ancestry is most similar to your own.

Comments for this sample individual: These Global results include not just native European populations but also the European
Diaspora. For instance, this individual’s DNA profile can be found in several North American Caucasian populations at similar
frequencies. Global matches do not mean this individual’s ancestors came from the Canada or Virginia, but indicate places where
Caucasians of a similar genetic background live today.

Part D: High Resolution World Region Match: World Region Match measures your genetic connections to major world regions:

Comments for this sample individual: World region results provide the best general picture of a person’s genetic connections to
the world. They can often clarify individual Native and Global population match results. For instance, this individual’s DNA profile is
most frequent in the Northwest European region. This is consistent with the distribution of both Native and Global population
matches, which are concentrated in and around Northwest Europe.

To be more precise, this individual’s DNA profile is most frequent in Northwest Europe, where it is 8,754.86 times as likely as in the
world. Substantial scores (>1.0) also include other European and Near Eastern. These secondary affiliations indicate this DNA
profile can also be found at lower frequencies in other world regions related to Europeans.

Scores can be compared to each other to give relative frequency: for instance. This DNA profile is 8,754.86 / 70.64 = 123.94 times
as frequent in Northwest Europe as in the North India region. This indicates that while this person’s DNA is most common in
Northwest Europe, it can be found at a lower frequency in North India.

All scores are measured against the Generic Human Index of 1.0. Scores above 1.0 are more frequent in that region than in the
world, while scores below 1.0 are more frequent in the world than in that region. For instance, this individual’s score for South India is
0.08, indicating this DNA profile is 1.0 / 0.08 = 12.5 times as likely in the world as in South India.

Summary Comments: DNA Tribes results for this person provide a detailed and comprehensive picture of their European ancestry
including their closest genetic relatives amongst ethnic groups in Europe and the European Diaspora populations as well as precise
measurements of where their DNA profile can be found in major world regions.

What's your tribe? Order your DNA Tribes personal genetic analysis today and find out.

More about Europe:

For information on DNA Tribes
Europa, the most detailed and
complete comparison to
European genetic sub-regions,
click here.

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What's Your Tribe?®. DNA Tribes patent pending analysis is
available exclusively from DNA Tribes. All rights reserved. All
satellite images courtesy NASA Earth Observatory.