Previous Digest Articles

DNA Tribes Digest for February 1, 2012: The North African Region (STR and SNP)

    This month’s article explores genetic relationships of North African populations. This includes
    two separate analyses (autosomal STR and autosomal SNP), each providing an independent
    source of information about genetic links in this part of the world.

DNA Tribes Digest for January 1, 2012: Last of the Amarna Pharaohs: King Tut and His Relatives

    This month’s article features an analysis of several mummies, including the famous King Tut and
    his relatives. These individuals lived in a unique time more than three thousand years ago: the
    “Amarna period,” which has left a vivid archaeological record of life in pharaonic Egypt.

DNA Tribes Digest for December 1, 2011: Armenian Populations of the Transcaucasus (STR and SNP)

    This month’s feature article explores genetic relationships of Armenian populations of the
    Transcaucasus. This will include two separate analyses (autosomal STR and autosomal SNP),
    each providing an independent source of information about genetic links in this part of the world.

    Announcements: New STR Populations for December 2011

DNA Tribes Digest for November 1, 2011: The Norse Sub-Region (STR); SNP Update

    This month’s feature article explores genetic relationships of the Norse sub-region of Europe,
    which includes Scandinavian populations of present day Norway, Denmark and Sweden.

    Also included with this Digest issue is updated continental and regional admixture analysis
    based on new SNP populations incorporated in DNA Tribes® SNP analysis.

DNA Tribes Digest for October 1, 2011: The Salishan Region (STR); Siberia and Central Asia (SNP)

    This month’s issue features two articles based on two different types of analysis. The first
    article, “STR Analysis of the Salishan Region,” explores genetic relationships of the North
    American Pacific Northwest based on autosomal STR data.

    The second article, “SNP Analysis of Siberia and Central Asia,” explores possible traces of the  
    Central Asian Oxus and Tarim Civilizations based on autosomal SNP data.

DNA Tribes Digest for September 1, 2011: The Ojibwa Region (STR); Gradual Transitions between
Europe, the Middle East and North Asia (SNP)

    This month’s issue features two articles based on two different types of analysis. The first
    article, “STR Analysis of the Ojibwa World Region,” explores genetic relationships of the Ojibwa
    world region based on autosomal STR data.

    The second article, “Gradual Transitions between Europe, the Middle East and North Asia,”
    highlights the genetic continuity between these continental zones based on our current SNP
    database.

DNA Tribes Digest for August 1, 2011: Genetic Links between Three SNP Based Regions in Europe

    This month’s article features a mixture analysis of European populations based on genetic
    regions identified by DNA Tribes® SNP as of August 2011. This will highlight the relationships
    between three major European genetic groupings (Atlantic European, Baltic-Urals, and
    Caucasus-Anatolian) and neighboring parts of the world (such as the North African, Arabian,
    and Siberian regions).

    Announcements: DNA Tribes® SNP Update for August 2011

DNA Tribes Digest for June 27, 2011: The North Amerindian Genetic Region

    This month’s article explores geographical relationships of the North Amerindian genetic region.
    This genetic region characterizes indigenous populations living near the Great Plains and
    Mississippi River, including tribal nations of the Eastern United States and First Nations living in
    neighboring parts of Canada.

    Announcements: New Populations for June 2011

DNA Tribes Digest for May 31, 2011: The Athabaskan Region of North America

    This month’s article explores geographical relationships of the Athabaskan genetic region. This
    region characterizes indigenous Navajo and Apache peoples of the Southwestern United States,
    as well as linguistically related First Nations of Western Canada and Alaska.

DNA Tribes Digest for April 29, 2011: An Updated Analysis of the Greek Sub-Region

    This month's feature article will update our analysis of the Greek sub-region based on more
    detailed sub-regional divisions in Europe.

DNA Tribes Digest for March 31, 2011: An Updated Analysis of the Germanic Sub-Region

    This month’s feature article will update our analysis of the Germanic sub-region based on more
    detailed sub-regional divisions in Europe.


DNA Tribes Digest for February 28, 2011: The Horn of Africa World Region

    This month’s feature article explores the genetic relationships of populations in the Horn of
    Africa. This region includes modern day Sudan and Somalia, located along the early trade
    routes linking the civilizations of Egypt, the Arabian Peninsula, the Indus Valley, and
    Mesopotamia.

    Announcements: Introducing DNA Tribes® SNP Analysis.

DNA Tribes Digest for January 31, 2011: An Updated Analysis of the Balkan Sub-Region

    This month’s feature article updates our analysis of the Balkan sub-region based on more
    detailed genetic divisions presently identified by DNA Tribes® Europa analysis.

    Announcements: New Populations for January 2011.

DNA Tribes Digest for December 31, 2010: An Updated Analysis of the Portuguese Sub-Region

    This month's article updates our analysis of the Portuguese sub-region based on more detailed
    genetic divisions within Europe.

DNA Tribes Digest for November 30, 2010: An Updated Analysis of the Italian Sub-Region

    This month’s feature article will update our analysis of the Italian sub-region based on more
    detailed genetic divisions within Europe.

DNA Tribes Digest for October 28, 2010: Georgia and the Caucasus Mountains

    This month’s issue will explore genetic relationships in the Caucasus Mountains, in particular
    looking at the nation of Georgia. In ancient times, these mountains divided the  urban
    civilizations of Southwest Asia from the wilder Eurasian steppes.

DNA Tribes Digest for September 30, 2010: Gallia Belgica: The Belgic Sub-Region of Europe

    This month’s feature article will examine the Belgic sub-region, which includes populations of the
    modern “Benelux” nations (Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg) and northern parts of
    France, lands sometimes described as the Low Countries.

DNA Tribes Digest for August 31, 2010: A Closer Look at the Celtic Sub-Region of Europe

    This month’s feature article will re-examine Celtic genetic relationships based on more detailed
    sub-regional definitions in Northwest Europe. This will also include a speculative discussion of
    the legendary Danann and Milesian dynasties in relation to Bronze Age archaeology.

    Announcements: New Populations for August 2010; New Add-On Options.

DNA Tribes Digest for July 30, 2010: Romani Links to Europe and South Asia

    This issue’s feature will explore genetic relationships between Romani (also known as European
    Gypsies) and other populations of Europe and Asia.

DNA Tribes Digest for June 30, 2010: Two Magyars: Genetic Contributions to Hungary and Székely

    This month’s feature article focuses on two Magyar (Hungarian) populations: the general
    population of Hungary and the Székely (Szekler), thought to be descended from Hunnish
    warriors that joined with the Magyar military confederation in Europe.

DNA Tribes Digest for May 31, 2010: Kurgan Riddles: The Thracian Sub-Region of Europe

    This month’s feature article focuses on the Thracian sub-region of Europe, which shares
    genetic characteristics not only with neighboring European regions, but also with more
    geographically distant South Asian populations.

    Announcements: New 27-Marker Test; New Populations added April 30, 2010.

DNA Tribes Digest for March 31, 2010: Europe, the Near East, and India: Macro Relationships in West
Eurasia

    This month's feature article focuses on large scale (macro) relationships between European,
    Near Eastern, and South Asian populations. These lands once included the range of the extinct
    Neanderthal hominids. Today, West Eurasia is home to a group of related regional populations
    that share genetic characteristics, perhaps dating to the earliest human expansions from Africa.

DNA Tribes Digest for February 28, 2010: Shores of the Sahara: Genetic Contributions to the
Sahelian Genetic Region  

    This month’s feature article focuses on the Sahelian genetic region along the borderlands
    between the Sahara Desert and tropical forest zone.  It was here that many diverse and
    influential African cultures have emerged, such as the Mali Empire of Mansa Musa, who awed
    Egypt and Arabia with the wealth of his caravan and established of the famous University of
    Timbuktu.

DNA Tribes Digest for January 29, 2010: Footprints of the Indo-Europeans: Basic Genetic
Contributions in Southwest Asia

    Individual populations studied include: Turkey (general); Greek (Cyprus); Syria; Eastern
    Anatolia, Turkey; Georgia; Kurdish (Iraq); Arab (Iraq); Iran; and Baloch (Pakistan).

DNA Tribes Digest for December 29, 2009: Generals of the Steppes: Basic Genetic Contributions in
Tungusic, Mongolic, and Turkic Populations

    Individual populations studied include: Hazara; Uzbek; Kazakh; Uyghur; Altaian-Kizhi; Tuva;
    Xiongnu (early Mongolian burial site); Mongolia; Buryat; Khamnigan Mongol; East Mongolian
    (Inner Mongolia); and Evenk (Harbin, China).

DNA Tribes Digest for November 30, 2009: Old Siberia: Basic Genetic Contributions in the European
and Siberian Taiga

    Forward: The Northern Frontier Lands of Eurasia
    Europe and the Urals: Finns, Mari, and Bashkir
    Near the Great Yenisei River: Khakas, Tofalar, and Soyot
    Newcomers to Far Eastern Siberia: Yakut and Evenki
    Summary and Conclusion

DNA Tribes Digest for October 31, 2009: Refuge of Sages and Outlaws: Basic Genetic Contributions
near the Hindu Kush

    Individual populations near the Hindu Kush mountain range, including: Afghanistan; Gujarat,
    India; Kashmiri Muslims; Northern Pakistan; Pakistan; and Punjab, India.

DNA Tribes Digest for August 29, 2009: Old Europes: Genetic Evidence of Indo-Europeans and
Substrates in the West (Part Two)

    Atlantic Megalith Builders: Basque and North African Substrates
    Near Eastern Farmers: Mesopotamian and Levantine Substrates
    Northern Hunters, Fishers and Herders: Urals, Finnic, and American Indian Substrates
    Links to Asia: Indian and Tibetan Substrates
    Summary of Contributions

DNA Tribes Digest for July 29, 2009: Old Europes: Genetic Evidence of Indo-Europeans and
Substrates in the West (Part One)

    Native Language Families of Europe
    Identification of the Central Indo-European (CIE) Genetic Zone
    Central Indo-European (CIE) Genetic Contributions in Europe

DNA Tribes Digest for June 27, 2009: Genetic Relationships in Mesoamerica

    Seeds of Mesoamerican Civilization: the Mayan Region
    Empire of the Aztecs: the Mexican Region
    Bridge to the South: the Central American Region

DNA Tribes Digest for May 30, 2009: Genetic Relationships among South American Indians  

    At the Ends of the Earth: the Patagonian Region
    Eden of the Americas: the Amazonian Region
    Mountain Backbone of South America: the Andean Region

DNA Tribes Digest for April 30, 2009: Genetic Relationships along the Pacific Rim of Asia

    The Japanese Region
    The Ami of Taiwan
    The Atayal of Taiwan
    The Philippines
    The Chamoru of Guam

DNA Tribes Digest for March 28, 2009: Genetic Relationships in Southern Europe  

    Sea of the Hellenes: the Greek Europa Sub-Region
    Lands of the Renaissance: the Italian Europa Sub-Region
    Refuge of the Iberians: the Spanish Europa Sub-Region
    Euskal Herria: the Basque Europa Sub-Region
    Beyond the Pillars of Hercules: the Portuguese Europa Sub-Region

DNA Tribes Digest for February 28, 2009: Genetic Relationships in Africa  

    Kingdom of the Nile: Egypt
    Church of Alexandria: Egyptian Copts
    Heirs of Kush and Nubia: Sudan
    Horn of Africa: Somalia
    Lands of the Bantu: the Southern African Genetic Region
    Facing the Atlantic: the West African Genetic Region
    Place of Sunset: the North African Genetic Region
    Oracle of the Pharaohs: Siwa Oasis

DNA Tribes Digest for January 31, 2009: Patterns of Gene Flow through the Coastal Silk Routes

    Middle Kingdom: the South Chinese Genetic Region
    A Union of Mountain and Sea: the Southeast Asian Genetic Region
    The Great Navigators: the Malay Archipelago Genetic Region
    At the Edge of East Asia: the Eastern India Genetic Region
    Home of the Dravidians: the South India Genetic Region
    Desert of the Bedouin: the Arabian Genetic Region
    Cradle of Humanity: the East African Genetic Region

DNA Tribes Digest for December 26, 2008: Patterns of Gene Flow through the Inland Silk Routes

    Birthplace of the West: the Aegean Genetic Region
    Eastern Shores of the Mediterranean: the Levantine Genetic Region
    Between the Rivers: the Mesopotamian Genetic Region
    Land of the Nobles: the North India Genetic Region
    Heirs of the Tocharians: the Uyghur of the Tarim Basin
    At the Roof of the World: the Tibetan Genetic Region
    All Roads Lead to Cathay: the North Chinese Genetic Region  

DNA Tribes Digest for November 28, 2008: Genetic Relationships in Northern Europe

    Where Earth Meets Sky: The Altaian Genetic Region
    Legacy of the Scythians: The Russian Europa Sub-Region
    Western Peoples of the Taiga: The Finno-Ugrian Europa Sub-Region
    Birthplace of the Slavs: The Polish Europa Sub-Region
    Old Europe: The Balkan Europa Sub-Region
    At the Heart of Central Europe: The Germanic Europa Sub-Region
    Peoples of the North Sea: The Norse Europa Sub-Region
    Isles of the Setting Sun: The Celtic Europa Sub-Region

DNA Tribes Digest for October 25, 2008: The Arctic Connection  

    Genetic Regions and Language Families of Siberia
    Estimated Genetic Contributions to the Arctic Genetic Region
    Estimated Arctic Contributions to American Indians
    Estimated Genetic Contributions to North American Indians

DNA Tribes Digest for September 27, 2008: Exploring Ancestry in the South Seas  

    This month's feature article is "Exploring Ancestry in the South Seas," where genetic
    relationships in Madagascar, Australia, East Timor, and Polynesia are investigated.

DNA Tribes Digest for August 29, 2008: Who are the Americans?  

    The first issue's feature article "Who are the Americans?" examines the genetic composition of
    Caucasian and African-American populations in the United States and how it relates to global
    genetic patterns and the history of North America.

Fifty Canadians from Four Ethnic/Racial Groups: Individuals within every population exhibit a
variety of genetic affiliations. To view world region analysis for fifty individuals drawn from each of four
North American populations, select a link below. Each study is a large PDF approximately 10 MB in
size. If a file does not open, right-click the link and select "Save Link As" to save the file and open on
your desktop.
(Published May 10, 2007):


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Further Reading

To provide a fuller context for your personal DNA match results, these articles discuss topics related
to world genetic structure and relationships.

A New Genetic Map of Interconnected World Regions: To read a detailed overview of  DNA
Tribes analysis,
click here. (Updated April 29, 2010)

DNA Tribes Digest: Each issue of DNA Tribes Digest explores an aspect of world genetic
relationships. New Digest articles are published on an ongoing basis. For a free Digest subscription,
click the "Subscribe Now" button below: